Barn Swallow

What it is

The barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) is the most widespread species of swallow in the world. It is a distinctive passerine bird with blue upperparts, a long, deeply forked tail and curved, pointed wings. It is found in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas. In Anglophone Europe it is just called the swallow; in Northern Europe it is the only common species called a "swallow" rather than a "martin".

Where and when to find it

Habitat

Found all across the U.S. in open areas, farms, and near water. They often nest in barns or under bridges.

How to find it

Look for their darting flight over fields or water. They often nest under eaves, bridges, or in barns.

Best time of day

Daytime during spring and summer, when they are nesting and feeding.

How it lives

What it eats

Flying insects like flies, mosquitoes, beetles

What eats it

Larger birds of prey, snakes, raccoons (eggs/chicks)

Worth knowing

• Barn swallows build their nests out of mud pellets mixed with grass and feathers.
• They are one of the most widespread swallow species in the world.
• Their long, forked tail helps them steer quickly while flying.
• They often return to the same nesting site year after year.
• Both parents help build the nest and raise the babies.
• Barn swallows can travel thousands of miles during migration each year.

Why it matters

Barn swallows are important for keeping insect populations in check. They are signs of healthy environments.