Dark-eyed Junco

What it is

The dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis) is a species of the juncos, a genus of small grayish American sparrows. This bird is common across much of temperate North America and in summer ranges far into the Arctic. It is a very variable species, much like the related fox sparrow (Passerella iliaca), and its systematics are still not completely untangled.

Where and when to find it

Habitat

You can find them all over the US, often visiting backyards and parks in winter. In summer, they live in forests, especially in mountains or northern states.

How to find it

Look for them on the ground, scratching for seeds under bird feeders or bushes. They often flock together, so if you see one, look for more!

Best time of day

Winter is best in most places. Look for them during the day, especially in the morning or late afternoon.

How it lives

What it eats

Mostly seeds and insects like caterpillars, ants, and beetles.

What eats it

Hawks, owls, cats, and sometimes weasels or snakes.

Worth knowing

• There are several kinds of Dark-eyed Juncos, and they can look a little different depending on where they live.
• They often visit bird feeders in winter.
• The females usually have lighter colors than the males.
• They have a special song that sounds like a trill or a ringing sound, especially in spring.
• Juncos like to sleep in evergreen trees and dense bushes to stay safe from predators.
• When they fly, their white outer tail feathers flash, which might surprise predators and help them get away.

Why it matters

Dark-eyed Juncos are important parts of the food web, eating insects and spreading seeds. They help keep nature in balance.